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Animal
Mouse, Rat
Pre-Pulse Inhibition of Startle Reflex (PPI)
Product Code:48162/48163
Category: Behaviour, Conditioning, Reward
Pre-pulse inhibition of the Startle reflex (PPI) is a phenomenon in which a weak stimulus (sound or light, or air-puff) suppress the startle response to a subsequent stronger startle stimulus (of the same kind).
The interest in this technique is mainly due to the fact that impairment in PPI is normally linked to a dysfunction in the sensorimotor mechanism, which has been shown in patients with psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorders and Huntington’s disease.
The Ugo Basile system can work with pre-pulses and pulse stimuli of several kinds (white noise, frequency noise, light, air puff). A PC software allows for flexible programming of any kind of procedure with randomizations and seamless data capture.
Customizable, complete set up, ready to go. Includes controller, Startle Link-Box, Isolation Cubicles, Stimulating/Recording Platform.
Different enclosures accommodate for different mice sizes and rat holders are available on request.
Background
- The Startle/PPI system is a valuable tool to reproduce symptoms (or at least responses) of complex human disorders, such as schizophrenia, which show a dysfunction in the sensorimotor mechanism.
- Sensorimotor gating refers to the ability of a sensory event to suppress or decrease a motor response, in this case, a startle response
- As data analysis, the pulse alone startle reflex provides an index of the animal reaction to the startle pulse in terms of maximal peak, the pre-pulse alone startle reflex provides an index of the animal reaction to the pre-pulse startle in terms of maximal peak and the %PPI indicates the inhibition of the startle reflex.
- The %PPI is calculated as the decrease of the startle response after the pre-pulse is delivered, divided by the startle amplitude and is calculated for each of the pulse intensities).
Complete set up, ready to go
The Ugo Basile system is fully automated both for the preparation of the procedure and for the analysis of data. Main features include:
- Automatic detection of Startle Reflex in mice
- Complete set up, ready to start your tests. Customizable to suit your needs. A typical system combines the following elements:
- Dedicated Software
- Up to 4 Isolation Cubicles that includes an infrared (I.R.) light, a loudspeaker and a noiseless fan, all conveniently positioned inside the sound attenuating box
- Stimulating/Recording (S/R) Platform (includes the light, speaker and detection system)
- Multiple Animal Boxes to match animal dimension
- Flexible testing, easy to set up. Simply define trial number, sound and light stimulus and timing of experimental sequences (all fully randomizable):
- Pulse
- Pre-pulse
- Inter-Pulse Interval
- Inter-Stimulus Interval
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Features | Benefits |
|---|---|
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Maximum Flexibility, full event randomization |
Configure your own Experimental Schedules directly on your PC |
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User-friendly software included |
Exceptional flexibility and intuitivity in the software protocol building |
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Multiple stimuli |
The user can decide to use pre-pulses and pulses with white noise, frequency noise, light, air puff |
| Multiple cage system | High throughput with up to 4 cages running at the same time |
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General | |
|---|---|
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Power Requirements |
Universal input 100-240 VAC, 50-60Hz, 60W |
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Sound Level + Whitenoise |
< 60 dB |
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Operating environment |
10°C to 40°C; 5% to 95% RH (non-condensing) |
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Operation | |
| Sound Range |
From 65 dB to 120 dB |
| Pulse/pre pulse sound range (at 3KHz) | From 65 dB to 120 dB |
| Modulated Sound Frequency Range | From 100 Hz to 18 KHz |
| Airpuff |
Air Puff stimulus complete system add-on |
| IR Light |
0-100% (Environment) |
| Flash Light |
0-100% (20K Lux) S/R Platform) |
| Data Export |
.csv, .xlsx format |
| Number of cages | Up to 4 |
|
Physical | |
|
Dimensions |
25(d)x33(w)x5.5(h)cm (40500-001) |
| Internal Dimensions |
Small Mouse: ID 84x34x39(h)mm Large Mouse: ID 84x39x44(h)mm |
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Weight |
2.7Kg |
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Shipping Weight |
Mouse Single-Cage Set-Up: 40Kg |
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Packing Dimensions |
82x71x57cm (wooden crate) for a Mouse Single-Cage Set-up |
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Warranty | |
| Warranty | Startle PPI is covered by a 12-month warranty + 12 after product registration |
| UB-Care | Additional UB-Care can be added for other 12 or 24 months |
The test takes place in a sound proof and ventilated cubicle with a background noise. Pulses and pre-pulses consist of white noise and frequency sounds, lights or air-puffs.
The animal is restrained in a Plexiglas tube sitting on a force sensor or using an accelerometer to detect the startle response. Dedicated software analyses data automatically, as startle response amplitude and %PPI.
The various procedures expose the animals to “Trials” of different nature:
- Pulse alone trial: only the strong stimulus is presented
- Pre-pulse alone trial: only the weak stimulus is presented
- Pre-pulse-pulse trial: the strong stimulus is preceded by the weak (pre-pulse) stimulus
- No-stim trials: no stimulus is delivered but the response of the animal is recorded to serve as a baseline
Several clinical studies have shown that a number of human disorders have impaired PPI including: schizophrenia, Huntington’s disease, fragile X syndrome, and autism. Utilization of Startle PPI tests in rodents has a translational value to assess the effects of a number of treatment modalities such as putative anti-psychotics, and to explore genetic and neurobiological mechanisms underlying behaviors of relevance to psychosis
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48163 Startle/PPI System for Mice, single cage system | ||
|---|---|---|
| 48006 | Stimulating/Recording Platform for Mouse | |
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48003-330 |
Startle PPI Large cilindrical mouse restrainer (up to 75g) |
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48003-340 |
Startle PPI Medium cilindrical mouse restrainer (up to 50g) |
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48003-350 |
Startle PPI Small cilindrical mouse restrainer (up to 25g) |
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46000-596 |
Isolation Cubicle for behavioral cages, inside dimensions 48,5(w)x38,5(d)x48,5(h) cm, |
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52010-323 |
USB stick, including instruction manual |
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48253 STARTLE/PPI SYSTEM FOR MICE, two-cage system | ||
| 48006 | Stimulating/Recording Platform for Mouse | |
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48000-320 |
Small Mouse Box |
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48000-322 |
Large Mouse Box |
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48163-150 |
Startle BOX for Startle/PPI system | |
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46000-596 |
Isolation Cubicle for Behavioral Cages, inside dimensions 48,5(w)x38,5(d)x48,5(h) cm, sound proof ONLY with sound proof ventilation |
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52010-323 |
USB stick, including instruction manual |
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48453 STARTLE/PPI SYSTEM FOR MICE, four-cage system | ||
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48006 |
Stimulating/Recording Platform for Mouse |
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48000-320 |
Small Mouse Box |
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48000-322 |
Large Mouse Box |
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48163-150 |
Startle BOX for Startle/PPI system |
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|
46000-596 |
Isolation Cubicle for Behavioral Cages, inside dimensions 48,5(w) x 38,5(d) x 48,5(h) cm, sound proof ONLY with sound proof ventilation |
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52010-323 |
USB stick including instruction manual |
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| Options | ||
| 48000-204 | AirPuff Stimuli | |
M. Koch: “The Neurobiology of Startle” Prog Neurobiol. 59(2):107-28, 1999
D. Braff et alia: “Human Studies of Prepulse Inhibition of Startle: Normal Subjects, Patient Groups, and Pharmacological Studies” Psychopharmacology 156(2): 234-258., 2001
H.S. Hoffman et al.: “Startle Reaction: Modification By Background Acoustic Stimulation” Science 141: 928-30, 1963
R.R. Marsh et alia: “The Role of Small Changes in the Acoustic Environment in Modifying the Startle Reflex” J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process, 1(3): 1975